The chemistry of life can be thought of as autocatalytic organized chemical reaction networks (CRNs), which involve coupling transformation of six key elements-carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorous (P) ( Kauffman 1986 Falkowski et al., 2008 Hordijk et al., 2018). We propose that Sammox-driven CRNs were critical in the creation of life and that Anammox microorganisms that have both Sammox functions are direct descendants of Sammox-driven CRNs. Furthermore, peptides produced from sulfite-fueled Sammox-driven CRNs could catalyze both sulfite-fueled Sammox and Anammox (nitrite reduction coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation) reactions. The ratio of sulfite to sulfate switches the catalytic orientation of peptides, resulting in Sammox-driven CRNs that has both anabolic and catabolic reactions at all times. The peptides exhibit both forward and reverse catalysis, with the opposite catalytic impact in sulfite- and sulfate-fueled Sammox-driven CRNs, respectively, at both a variable temperature range and a fixed temperature, resulting in seesaw-like catalytic properties.
Peptides comprise 14 proteinogenic amino acids, endowed Sammox-driven CRNs with autocatalysis.
We show that under mild hydrothermal circumstances, a thermodynamic chemical reaction network including sulfite/sulfate coupled with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Sammox), might have driven prebiotic peptides synthesis.
The chemical reaction networks (CRNs), which led to the transition on early Earth from geochemistry to biochemistry remain unknown.
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